Hava durumunu kontrol etme fikri fantastik g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00fclkeler 1940\u2019lardan beri\u00a0“bulut tohumlama”\u00a0y\u00f6ntemine ba\u015fvuruyor. Bu teknik, u\u00e7aklar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bulutlara\u00a0g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f iyod\u00fcr\u00a0gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7ac\u0131klar enjekte ederek ya\u011fmur veya kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemeyi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu y\u00f6ntem; kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hafifletmek, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmek ve havalimanlar\u0131ndaki sisi da\u011f\u0131tmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in, 2008\u00a0Pekin Olimpiyatlar\u0131\u00a0s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00f6ren alan\u0131na ya\u011fmur d\u00fc\u015fmesini engellemek i\u00e7in bu teknolojiyi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzmanlara g\u00f6re en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, bu alandaki uygulamalar\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir denetim mekanizmas\u0131ndan yoksun olmas\u0131. Amerikan Meteoroloji Derne\u011fi<\/strong>, bulut tohumlaman\u0131n “istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n” tam olarak kan\u0131tlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak tamamen d\u0131\u015flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Paris Askeri Okulu Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (IRSEM) Marine de Guglielmo Weber<\/strong>, as\u0131l riskin fiziksel etkiden ziyade alg\u0131sal oldu\u011funu vurguluyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Bir \u00fclke kom\u015fusunun hava durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenirse, kendi topraklar\u0131ndaki kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kom\u015fusunu su\u00e7lamaya meyilli olacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Hava m\u00fcdahalesi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k diplomatik krizlere yol a\u00e7\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu teknolojinin askeri ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ise olduk\u00e7a eski. ABD,\u00a0Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0“Operation Popeye”\u00a0(Temel Reis Operasyonu) kapsam\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 art\u0131rarak d\u00fc\u015fman lojisti\u011fini yava\u015flatmay\u0131 denemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu t\u00fcr olaylar \u00fczerine Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, 1976’da \u00e7evresel m\u00fcdahalelerin askeri ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Ancak\u00a0\u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan ve \u0130ran\u00a0gibi \u00fclkeler bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi imzalam\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131ca mevcut anla\u015fmalar, “kazara” meydana gelen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CNBC’de yay\u0131mlanan analizlere g\u00f6re, bulut tohumlama yoktan var edilen bir mucize de\u011fil.\u00a0D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0verileri, bu y\u00f6ntemin mevcut ya\u011f\u0131\u015f verimini yaln\u0131zca\u00a0y\u00fczde 5 ila 15\u00a0oran\u0131nda art\u0131rabildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0Uzmanlar “ya\u011fmur \u00e7alma” iddias\u0131n\u0131 teknik olarak abart\u0131l\u0131 bulsa da, atmosferik m\u00fcdahalelerin b\u00f6lgesel su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkisi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya devam ediyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 50’den fazla \u00fclkenin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eken b\u00f6lgelerde “iklim g\u00fcvenli\u011fi” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeni bir jeopolitik gerilim hatt\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n“Bulut H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131” Fenomeni ve Askeri Ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\nYa\u011fmur Ger\u00e7ekten “\u00c7al\u0131nabilir” mi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00dclke \u00d6rnekleri<\/th> Uygulama Durumu<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> ABD & \u00c7in<\/strong><\/td> Aktif olarak bulut tohumlama yap\u0131yor.<\/td><\/tr> \u0130srail & Rusya<\/strong><\/td> Teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131m ve uygulama kapasitesine sahip.<\/td><\/tr> Suudi Arabistan<\/strong><\/td> Kurakl\u0131kla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in projeler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n